2016
POLITICAL
SCIENCE
Full Marks – 100
Pass
Marks - 30
Time:
3 hours
The
figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions
PART – A (Contemporary World Politics)
1. Answer the following as directed: 1x6=6
a)
Who was
the first Secretary-General of the UNO?
Ans. Trygue lie was the first
Secretary-General of the UNO.
b)
Write the
full form of WTO.
Ans. The full form is WTO is World
Trade Organization.
c)
Cuban
Missile Crisis occurred in the year ____. (Fill in the blank)
Ans. Cuban Missile Crisis occurred in
the year 14th October 1962.
d)
Who
started political and economic reforms in USSR?
Ans. Mikhail Gorbachev
e) Where was
the first SAARC Summit held?
Ans. First SAARC Summit was held in
Dhaka in 1985.
f) What do
you mean by ‘Open Door’ Policy?
Ans. The Economic liberalization
policy adopted by china in 1973 to open up different sectors of economy for
competition is the open door policy.
2.
Write the name of two countries which emerged out of Soviet disintegration. 2
Ans.
Russia and Kazakhistan
3.
The border conflict between China and India in 1962 was principally over ____
and ____ regions. (Fill in the blank) 2
Ans.
The Border conflict between China and India in 1962 was principally over
Arunachal Pradesh and Aksai Chin.
4.
Mention two issues on which India and Bangladesh cooperate. 2
Ans.
The two issues on which India and Bangladesh cooperate are –
1) Since
India had helped in the creation of Bangladesh it was natural for both states
to have a cordial relationship. In 1972 both states signed a friendship and an
agreement on trade.
2) The
Farraka Accard of 1977 further strengthened the relations between the two
states. It helped Bangladesh to make up for the deficiency of water during
summers.
5.
Name two arms control agreements signed by the two super-powers during Cold War
era. 2
Ans.
The two arms control agreement signed by the two super powers are – Limited
Test Ban Treaty (LTBT) and Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty (NNPT).
6.
Mention two sources of threats to human being. 2
Ans.
Two new sources of threats are –Terrorism and Global Poverty.
7.
Write the name of two organizations involved with economic globalization. 2
Ans.
Two sectors involved with economic globalization are World Trade Organization
and International Monetary Fund.
8.
Write a note on achievements of Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). 4
Ans.
NAM played on significant role in the cold war era. The role of NAM can be
mentioned the like way –
a) The Policy
of Non Alignment such to promote peace and laid emphasis on peaceful settlement
of disputes by the states.
b) NAM was
entrusted with the tasks of social and economic reconstruction which could be
done only in a world free from war and tension.
c) The newly
independent countries were aware of the danger of imperialism. So they wanted
to come together and bring world peace.
d) The
significant role played by NAM was to maintain peaceful coexistence between
nations, condemnation of racial discrimination etc.
9.
What is the relation between migration and human security? Discuss. 4
Ans.
Migration is a central phenomenon in the modern world, and a major focus of
policy attention is many countries and international organization. Major
tensions exist is the current world order over understanding and antecedes
towards migration. These are reflected in the function is meanings of rights
between an aspiration for all people as members of humanity and a reduction of
the meaning of humanity to specific groups based on their identities defined by
states.
The diploma programme addresses questions
of migrations, citizenship and human security. It situates the relationship
between migration and citizenship in historical and geopolitical contexts, uses
structural and critical social constructivist thinking to combine perspectives
from a rich variety of sources including international relations and
social-legal analysis. It employs human security thinking as a normative and
explanatory framework to guide reflections.
Upon completion of the programme
participants will have become familiar with the key theatrical approaches used
to explain and understand current trends and policy as on migration and have
acquire competencies to develop and execute programmes and projects on
migration gender and citizenship.
10.
Discuss about the constraints on US hegemony. 4
Ans.
US hegemony is in today’s world means the dominance of US in spheres –
military, economic ideas of good life etc. The constraints an US are –
1) The first
constraint is the institutional architectures of the American State itself. A
system of division of power between the three branches of government places
significant brakes upon the unrestrained and immoderate exercise of America’s
military power by the executive branch.
2) The Second
constraint is domestic is nature and stems from the open nature of American
Society. American mass media may from time to time impose or promote a
particular perspective on domestic public opinion in the US and they also keep
on eye over the methods of government.
11.
Discuss briefly about the political consequences of globalization. 4
Ans.
Globalization is a multi dimensional concept.
1) It has
political, economic and cultural manifestations and these must be adequately
distinguished.
2) Globalization
is regarded as a multi dimensional concept in which it is a process where the
‘Earth’ is regarded as a global village.
3) The
consequence of contemporary processes of globalization relates to its ongoing
political impact. At the most simple level globalization results in an erosion
of state capacity that is the ability of government to do what they do.
4) Globalization
has indeed affected upon the political scenario as the concept of the state as
a welfare state has declined and has transformed more as minimum list state.
12.
Justify India’s claim for permanent membership in the UN Security Council. 4
Ans.
As a citizen of India I will support hearted India’s candidature for the
permanent membership of the Security Council. India rightly deserves a
permanent membership as it fulfills almost all the criteria laid down the UN.
India is the Second most populous country in the world comprising almost one
fifth of the world population. India is also the world’s largest democracy.
India has participated in virtually all of the initiatives of the UN. Its role
in the UN’s peace keeping efforts is a long and substantial one. India has
emerged as potential economic power in the world. India has also made regular
financial contribution to the UN and never faltered on it payments
All these factors justifies India’s claim
to a permanent seat in the Security Council.
13.
What are the major areas of influence of European Union? Discuss in detail. 6
Ans.
European Union an influential regional organization in the Europe was formed in
1992. Since its inception EU continues to grow as a highly powerful
organization. The European Union has economic political and diplomatic and
military influence.
a) European
Union’s economic power: The European Union is the world’s biggest Economy with
a GDP of more than 12 trillion in 2005. Slightly larger than that of the USA.
Its currency the Euro is now in a position to threat the dominance of the US
dollar. Its share of world trade is three times larger than that of the USA
allowing it to be more assertive in trade dispute with the USA and China. Its
economic powers give its influences over its closest neighbours as well as in
Asia and Africa. It also functions as an important bloc in international
economic organization such as WTO.
b) European
Union’s political power: Two members of the European Union, Britain and France
held permanent sets in the Security Council. The EU includes several non
permanent members of the UNSC. This has enabled the EU to influence. Some US
policies such as the current US position on Iran’s nuclear programme. Its uses
of diplomacy economic investments and negotiations rather than coercion and
military force has been effective as in the case of its dialogue with China on
human rights and environment degradation.
c) European
Union’s military powers: Military the European Union’s combined armed forces
are the second largest in the world. Its total spending on defence is second
after the US. Two EU member states Britain and France also have nuclear
arsenals of approximately 550 nuclear warheads. It is also the world’s second
most important source of space and communications technology.
Or
How can permanent peace be established in
South Asia? Discuss. 6
Ans:-
Governments of India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Nepal must commit to a uniform
defense and security framework to establish lasting peace in South Asia.
At the higher political level, we
should think of a common defense policy against terrorism.
We all know about the history of
counter-terrorism cooperation between Bangladesh and India, and if we fight
against terrorism along the same defense line, we can establish the final peace
in South Asia.
14.
Discuss the latest trend in Indo-US relationship. 6
Ans.
So far as the debate in Lok Sabha on Indo-US agreement on nuclear energy Prime
Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh says that recent time, India’s impressive economic
development rate has made the country and alternative partner for a number of
countries concerning USA.
International politics largely in terms of
military energy are fearful of to growing closeness between India and USA. The
growing closeness of interest between the USA and India creates welfare for
India. At the recent phase of global hegemony India has needed a good
partnership with the USA. Dr.
Manmohan Singh believes that it is in the
welfare of our country to have a good and pivotal relation with all the major
countries but interest on the relationship with USA. Hence he advocates a
strategy that would allowed India to take opportunity of US hegemony and the
mutual relations to set up the best possible for itself. The highlighting
factor shows the Indo US relationship and its importance.
1) 15% of all
high tech starts up are by Indo-Americans.
2) The USA
absorbs about 65% of India’s total exports in the software sectors.
3) 35% of the
technology staff of doing is estimated to be of India.
Or
Discuss India’s stands in global
environmental debates. 6
Ans:
- Government of India is already participating in global efforts through
several programs.
(i) India's national auto-fuel policy
mandates clean fuel for vehicles.
(ii) The Energy Conservation Act,
passed in 2001, outlines initiatives to improve energy efficiency.
(iii) The Electricity Act of 2003
encourages the use of renewable energy.
(iv) Recent trends to encourage
imports of natural gas and to adopt clean coal technologies suggest that India
is making genuine efforts.
(v) The government is keen to start a
national mission on biodiesel by using around 11 million hectares of land for
the production of biodiesel by 2011-2012.
(vi) India has one of the largest
renewable energy programs in the world.
PART
– B: (Politics in India since Independence)
15.
Answer the following as directed: 1x6=6
a) Who is
regarded as the ‘Father of Green Revolution’ in India?
Ans. Norman Ernest Borlaug
b) When was
the State Reorganization Act adopted?
Ans. The States Reorganization Act was
adopted in 1955.
c) The
Anti-Arrack Movement is considered as a women’s movement. (Write True or False)
Ans. Yes as a women’s movement.
d) Who
started ‘Total Revolution’?
Ans. Jaya Prakash Narayan
e) Which
party is the first regional party to form government in a State?
Ans. AGP is the first regional party
to from government in a state.
f) Article
____ of the Indian Constitution gives special status to Jammu and Kashmir. (Fill
in the blank)
Ans. Article 370 of the Indian
Constitution gives special status to Jammu and Kashmir.
16.
Write two features of coalition government in India. 2
Ans.
The two features of coalition government in India are –
1) The
coalition government is subjected to lot of adjustment. It must take note of
that all allied are contended. Any discontentment would lead to break down of
the alliance and also of the government.
2) Regional
political parties have started playing a major role in normative of the coalition
government. This was clearly sun is the NDA alliance and also the present UPA
alliance.
17.
Mention two recommendations of the Mandal Commission. 2
Ans:-
The Mandal Commission therefore recommended that 27 percent of central and
state government jobs should be reserved for OBCs, and that 27 percent of the
figure should be applied to other "compensatory discrimination" or
"compensatory protection" benefits, including universities and
affiliates. For colleges.
18.
Write two features of party system in India. 2
Ans.
Two features of Indian party system are –
1) Multi
Party System.
2) One Party
dominance
19.
Write two consequences of 1977 Lok Sabha Election. 2
Ans.
The two consequences of 1977 Lok Sabha Election are as follows –
a) Indira
Gandhi’s new congress after the split in 1969 won the 1971 election. The 1971
election were a clean sweep for congress with this the congress party led by
India Gandhi established its chain to being the real congress and restored to
it the dominate position in Indian politics.
b) The Grand
Alliance of the opposition proved a grand failure in 1971 election. Their
combined tally of seats was loss than 40. The congress (O) get only 16 seats
with 10% votes in the fifth general elections although it launched a campaign
to remove Indira.
20.
Mention two major objectives of Jawaharlal Nehru’s foreign policy. 2
Ans.
The two major objectives of Nehru’s foreign policy are as follows –
1) To protect
hard earned sovereignty of India.
2) To
establish peace.
21.
Write two causes of origin of regionalism in India. 2
Ans.
Two causes of origin of regionalism in India are like –
a) When
religious and linguistic groups of a multicultural country feel continuously
ignored neglected than the feeling of regionalism may outburst.
b) When the
economic benefits of a country are unevenly distribution than too the negative
feeling of Regionalism may arise.
22.
Why did India adopt policy of non-alignment? Discuss. 4
Ans.
India adopted Non Alignment for various reasons.
1) It adopted
non alignment to protect our national identity and sovereignty. It did not want
to compromise on its hard earned freedom by taking part in cold war politics.
2) India did
not want to enter into military alliances and use money for an arms buildup.
3) Lastly
India did not want to aggravate world tensions by joining either bloc. It
wanted to plays and independent role in global affairs.
4) Historically
India has adopted a policy of tolerance towards different religious
philosophers etc.
23.
Discuss briefly about Narmada Bachao Andolan. 4
Ans.
The Narmada Bachao Andolan was a type of social movement headed by Medha Potkar
which sustained agitation for more than twenty years against the construction
of big slams, to be constructed on the Narmada River and its tributaries. It
opposed the clam projects because it would lead to the displacement of several
lakhs of people. It raised the issue about the relocation and rehabilitation of
project affected people.
24.
Explain briefly about ‘Two-Nation Theory’. 4
Ans.
In 1947, India was divided into two nation states India and Pakistan. The
division was based on the two nation’s theory advocated by Muslim league which
said that India consisted of net one but two people India and Muslims. That is
why it demanded Pakistan a separate country for the Muslims, the congress
absolutely opposed this theory but several political developments in 1940s the
political competition between the congress and the Muslim League and the
British role led to the decision for the creation of Pakistan.
25.
Write the main objectives of planning in India. 4
Ans.
The main objectives of planning in India are as follows –
a) Raising
national income and per capita income.
b) Bringing
self sufficiency in food.
c) Raising
the standard of living.
d) Increasing
agricultural production.
26.
Discuss about the controversy relating to Presidential Election of 1969. 4
Ans:-
The Congress Parliamentary Board met on 11 July 1969 to discuss the
presidential candidate. The syndicate had already decided to nominate Sanjeev
Reddy, whose intimacy was well known. Mrs Gandhi was naturally ready to do so.
At the meeting, he suggested nominating veteran Dalit leader Jagjivan Ram. When
it was shot, they asked that they postpone the decision to reach a long-term
consensus. However, Nijalingappa forced a vote in the six-member parliamentary
board. Mrs Gandhi was rejected from four to two.
Even when Indira Gandhi left for
Bangalore, she introduced herself anew. Vice President V. V. Giri announced
that he would contest the presidential election as an independent candidate.
Mrs Gandhi knew that before supporting Giri against one of her party's
candidates, she would have to reclaim the initiative within the party. This
forced Morarji Desai to exit the cabinet and then nationalize banks. He went
ahead and filed nominations for Sanjeev Reddy, though he refused to issue whips
to Congress MPs.
The syndicate felt that Mrs Gandhi
might yet come out in support of Giri. To vote his second preference for
Nijalingappa Reddy (opposition candidate CD Deshmukh), the main opposition
parties, Swatantra and Jana Sangh, went on and gave a fatal audition. Mrs
Gandhi seized the opportunity to condemn Nijalingappa's move. Nevertheless, he
did not formally disclose his choice until one night before the election, when
he called on his party to 'vote according to discretion'.
V. V. Giri won the election with a
narrow margin. Poll data showed that most members of Congress actually voted
for Reddy. Giri supported a minority of congressional votes and a keen
combination of opposition groups.
27.
Discuss the consequences of National Emergency declared on 25th
June, 1975. 6
Ans.
The following are the consequences of National Emergency –
1) Curtailment
of Rights: During the emergency the government gets the power to curtail or
restrict all or any of the fundamental rights incorporated in India
constitution.
2) Use of
preventive Detention: The government made extensive use of preventive detention
lows of during emergency. Under this provision people are arrested and detained
not because they have committed any offence but on the apprehension that they
may commit an offence.
3) Return of
Awards: Many recipients of civilian awards were returned to central government
as a mark of protest towards emergency. People who received Bharat Ratna, Padma
Shree, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Bibhushan returned the award to show their
grievance towards the law of composed by Indira Gandhi.
4) Centralized
Administration: As soon as emergency was reclaimed the whole administrations
come under central government. This structure is followed as a part of
constitutional provisions. According to Indian constitution when any short of
emergency is proclaimed the whole of India transforms into centralized
federation.
5) Communal
organization Banned: All Hindu and Muslim communal organization during
emergency were banned to maintain communal harmony in the society. Some of such
communal organizations were RSS Jamait-E-Islami etc.
6) Central
Amendments: Several constitution amendments were carried out during emergency.
India Gandhi increased the tenure of Lok Sabha divested the authority of the
Supreme Court. Regarding election of President, Vice President, Prime Minister
and Speaker of Lok Sabha.
Or
Discuss about the conflict between
judiciary and executive during the decade of 1970. Who was the Prime Minister
of India during that time? 5+1=6
Ans: It was the time before the declaration
of emergency when there were many differences between the government and the
ruling party with the judiciary. Three constitutional issues arose, causing
tension between the judiciary, the legislature (parliament) and the executive.
1)
First, can Parliament violate fundamental rights? The Supreme Court said that
this cannot be done.
2)
Secondly, can the President remove the curtain on the right to property? Then,
the court held that Parliament cannot amend the constitution in such a way that
rights and veils are inserted.
28.
What do you mean by Green Revolution? Discuss the consequences of Green
Revolution. 2+4=6
Ans.
In 1960’s India was facing a food crisis due to many reasons. India government
decided to make India self sufficient in food. Hence the mid 1960s the
traditional variety seeds and the increased use of fertilizers and irrigation
are simply called Green Revolution. As a result of green revolution area under
improved seeds has gone up from about 15 million hectares during 1970-1971 to
nearly 15 million hectares in 1995-1996. The major benefits of the green
revolution were experienced mainly in northern and north western India.
Unprecedented enthusing has prevailed among farmers in Punjab, Haryana, Delhi,
Rajasthan and western UP for the new wheat variety seeds and a situation
developed in which the demand for seeds by farmers exceeded the supply.
Positive
consequences of green revolution are –
1)
The major achievement of the green revolution
was to boost the production of major corals vis, wheat and rice and as a result
of the green revolution the crops pattern in India has undergone significant
changes.
Two
negative consequences of green revolution are –
2)
Green revolution has led to the concentration
of wealth in the hands of top 10% of the rural population. Green revolution had
widened the gap between poor and small farmer’s and rich landlords and green
revolution has proved beneficial to the medium category peasants because they
could receive and advantage of mediation between small farmers and rich
landlords.
Or
Discuss the role of Planning Commission in
India. Write the name of the organization which replaces Planning Commission
now. 5+1=6
Ans.
Planning is the systematic regulation of a purposeful activity. It is an
invaluable aid to policy and helps to active national goals and is a continuous
process. Planning is a rational process and concerns itself with the proposals
for the future with the evolution of alternate proposals and the methods with
which these proposals may be achieved. The Planning commission was set up in
India in 1950.
The functions of planning commission are
listed below –
a) To make an
assessment of the materials capital and human resources of the country,
including technical personnel and investigate the possibilities of augmenting
such resources as are found to be deficient in relation to the nations’
requirements.
b) To
formulate a plan for the most effective and balanced utilization the country’s
resources.
c) Determination
of priorities define the stage in which the plans should be carried out and
propose the allocation of resources for the due completion of each stage.
d) To
indicate the factors which are tending to retard economic development and
determine the cancelation which in view of the current social and political
situations should be established for the successful execution of the plan.
e) To
determine the nature of the machinery which will be necessary for securing the
successful implementation of each stage of the plan in all its aspects?
f) To
appraise from time to time the progress achieved is the execution of each stage
of the plan and recommend the adjustments of policy and measures that such
appraisal may show to be necessary.
***
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